中国东亚飞蝗新蝗区──海南热带稀树草原蝗区的研究

STUDIES ON THE TROPICAL SAVANNAH LOCUST BREEDING AREA IN HAINAN,A NEW ORIENTAL MIGRATORY LOCUST (LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA MANILENSIS WEYEN)BREEDING AREA IN CHINA

本文通过东亚飞蝗在海南岛近６年来的田间发生动态，参考本岛近５００年来该种害虫的发生为害资料，结合本岛飞蝗发生地近百年来的生态地理的演变特征分析，提出了海南东亚飞但蝗区是“热带稀树草原蝗区”。该蝗区系由于本岛多年来不合理的伐林造田，使大面积的原始森林破坏，生态环境恶化，气候干旱，而演变为次生的热带稀树草原生境而成。这与由大沙河三角洲而成的大陆温带蝗区，在形成原因、结构特征与控制对策等方面完全不同，因此是中国东亚飞蝗新蝗区。文中通过数埋统计分析，不仅明确了影响该蝗区的主动因素（即森林破坏面积、干旱指数）与关键因素（即灌溉面积、撩荒地面积）。而且提出了控制该蝗区的生态对策。

y studying the field population dynamics of oriental migratory locust in the Hainan is-land, taking a reference to the recorded data on the occurrence and harms of this species inrecent 500 years in the island, and analyzing the ecological geography evolutionary character-istics of locust occurring areas in the island in recent 100 years, a conclusion was drawn thatthe oriental migratory locust breeding area in Hainan belongs to″the tropical Savannahlocust breeding area″ The formation of the locust breeding area has been resulted from un-reasonably clearing forest for enlarging farmlands and converting a large area of primary for-est into the biotype of secondary tropical Savannah. It is completely different from the conti-nental temperate locust breeding area formed in the delta of river in the causes of formation,structure characteristics and management strategies etc.,so that it is considered as a newbreeding area of oriental migratory locust in China. Through a statistical analysis, not onlythe active factorse.,destroyed forest areas and drought index)and key factors(i.e., ir-rigated area and wasteland area)to the locust area are clarified , but also the managementstrategies to control the locust area are suggested.