中国特有植物长苞铁衫的生物学特性及其保护

The biology and conservation of Tsuga longibracteata

长苞铁杉（ＴｓｕｇａＩｏｎｇｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔａ）属松科铁杉属，长苞铁杉组（Ｓｅｃｔ．ＨｅｏｐｅｎｃｅＫｅｎｇｅｔＫｅｎｇｆ．），为我国特有树种；现正处在濒危状态，已被列为国家三级保护植物。本文比较系统地综述了长苞铁杉的生物学特性，包括其外部形态、内部结构、染色体核型、地理分布、生长特性及材性、生态学和群落特性等。关于长苞铁杉的分类位置，一直争论不休。作者在比较了各种分类观点后，根据上述特性的分析结果，支持建立长苞铁杉属（Ｎｏｔｈｏｔｓｕｇａ）的主张。最后，文章分析了可能引起长苞铁杉濒危的原因，并提出了两点保护措施。

Tsuga longibracteata is one of the rare gymnosperms endemic to China. With the changes in environmentand ecosystems,the total number of individuals has decreased rapidly and it is considered an endangeredplant on the brink of extinction. In this paper, a broad literature has been reviewed concerning its habit,morphology, structure, karyotypes,growth traits and wood properties,geographic distribution,ecologicaland community characteristics. Although controversy still remains about its systematic position,the authors support the conclusion that the plant should be validated as a genus,Nothotsuga,in Pinaceae basedon the features reviewed. Consequently,the reasons for making the plants to the endangered state havebeen analysed and the effective measures have been put forward to conserve the rare species.