红松天然更新对动物的依赖性──一个排除动物影响的球果发芽实验

Dependence of natural regeneration or Korean Pine on animals-An outclosure experiment

红松球果成熟后不能自行散出种子，需要依赖动物将种子从球果中取出再传播出去。为了检验红松种子能否直接在落地球果中发芽、成苗，在球果成熟期采集球果，将球果封闭在铁丝笼中，在排除动物干扰的情况下放置在林地上。２年后回收了１０个球果，其中９个可看到少量种子发芽。对５个球果中１１５粒发育正常种子的逐个检查表明发芽率为１１％。５３％种子腐烂，另外３５％的种子虽未腐烂也已失去发芽能力。发芽后形成的幼苗均为残缺或畸形苗。实验结果支持没有动物帮助，红松不能进行天然更新的结论及有关动物可视为红松林生态系统中的关键种或关键种组的意见。

The seeds of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis sieb. et aucc)can not release from mature cones autcmatically,but were taken out and distributed by rodents and birds. To test the possibility that the seeds maygerminate within cones, cones were enclosed in wire cages and put on Korean-pine forest ground inSeptember 1992. Ten cones were recovered and examined in August 1994. Germination were showed in 9cones. For 115 fully developed seeds from 5 cones, 11. 3% of them germinated, 54. 8% has rotted and33. 5% remained healthy but ungerminated. All the seedlings in cones showed abnormal curling appearance. The abnormality of seedlings was discussed in relation to the position of seeds in cones and the orientation of the embryo in the seeds. The results supported the conclusion that Korean Pine can not regenerate naturally without the help of wild animals so that the related animals should be viewed as agroup of key stone spedes in deciduous-Korean Pine forest.