生态系统营养结构多样性的测度

The measurement of ecosystem trophic structure diversity

生态系统层次上的生物多样性是指生物圈内生境、生物群落和生态过程以及生态系统的多样性，营养结构和营养过程的多样性是其中最重要的一个方面。本文通过宏观营养动力学的理论和方法，对生态系统营养结构进行分析，定义了反映生态系统营养结构多样性的两类指标，即营养物与流通量沿宏观营养链分布特征的多样性（ＤＩ），以及所有宏观营养级上营养物与流通量在不同分室上分布特征的多样性（ＤⅡ）。这两类多样性是度量生态系统营养结构多样性的两个基本测度。

The diversity of trophic structure and process is one of the most imPOrtant aspectS of ecosystem diversity. In the present paper, the macroscopic trophic structures of ecosystems are analyzed by the methodology of macroscopic trophic dynamics, and two indexes revealing the diversity of ecosystem trOPhic structure are defined. The diversity indexes of ecosystem trophic structure are the distribution diversity of standing stocks and flows along the macroscopic trophic chain(DI), and the distribution diversity of standing stocks and flows in all compartments(DⅡ). The indexes of diversity are two fundemantal measures to reflect the diversity of ti'OPhic structure in an ecosystem.