四种口服头孢菌素的体外抗菌活性的比较研究

IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FOUR ORAL CEPHALOSPORINS

本文报道口服Cefixime对900株需氧菌和厌氧菌的体外抗菌作用,并与其它口服的头孢克罗、头孢羟氨苄和头孢氨苄进行了比较。Cefixime对链球菌具较强作用,但对葡萄球菌的作用较差;对肠球菌无效。对肠杆菌科细菌的抗菌活性四者之中以Cefixime最强。Cefixime对头孢氨苄耐药株仍具高度活性,其MIC均值可降低60～1200倍以上。绿脓杆菌、硝酸盐阴性杆菌、鲁氏不动杆菌和产碱杆菌对Cefixime和其它3种头孢菌素的敏感性均较差。四者对厌氧菌的作用除厌氧球菌外其抗菌活性都很弱。Cefixime对β-内酰胺酶稳定,口服吸收良好,抗菌作用强,是一个值得进行临床研究的口服头孢菌素。

The in-vitro antibacterial activity of cefixime, a new oral cephalos-porin was studied against 900 clinical isolates in parallel with other oral cephalspor-ins, cefaclor, cefadroxil and cephalexin. The MIC data showed that cefixime was active against streptococci, but comparatively inactive against staphylococci and ente-rococci. Cefixime was extremely active against Enterobacteriaceae with the exception of Ent. cloacae, and the MIC50 and MIC90 of most species were 0.125 and 2μg/ml respectivectively. Cefixime had a potential activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. However, cefixime showed little activity aginst glucose-nonfermenting organisms and anaerobes. The majority of the cephalexin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae (except Ent. cloacae) were also resistant to cefaclor and cefadroxil,but were very suscep tible to cefixime.