我国抗肿瘤药物研究的现状

NEW ANTICANCER AGENTS DEVELOPED IN CHINA

过去三十年间已经筛选了大量的合成及天然产物,其中包括4千种以上的植物成分,5千种以上合成的和1万种以上的微生物发酵样品。在合成药中,N—甲酰溶肉瘤素对精原细胞瘤有突出疗效。在观察15年以上的118例中,总生存率为65.3%,Ⅰ、ⅡA、ⅡB,Ⅲ期及复发病人的生存率分别为100%、60%、50%、40%及66.7%。有些已有肝、骨转移的Ⅲ期患者已治愈二十年以上。其他药物如消瘤芥(合—520)等对恶性淋巴瘤、肺癌、绒毛膜上皮癌和其他肿瘤也都有效。由植物中提取的抗肿瘤药有三尖杉脂碱、高三尖杉脂碱,羟基喜树碱等,则对急性粒细胞白血病和红白血病、胃癌、食管癌及其他肿瘤有效。由中国土壤菌株中提出的平阳霉素(BLMA_5)也有很好的抗肿瘤作用。通过体内及体外研究证明,有些中药具有促免疫作用。远期观察说明在放疗、化疗过程中并用这些药物组成的方剂生存率有相当改善。

During the past decades, a large number of synthetic and natural products have been studied. More than 4000 medical plant prepara-tions. 5,000 synthetic compounds and 10000 fermentation products from mic-robial strains were screened. Among synthetic compounds, N-formyl sarcolysin was very effectivein seminoma of the testis. In 118 cases treated with this agent, the 15-yearsurvival rate was 65.3%, and those for 8tage Ⅰ, Ⅱ A, ⅡB, Ⅲ and recurrentpatients were 100%, 60%, 50%, 40% and 66 .7% respectively. Some stage Ⅲpatients with bone an liver metastasis were also cured more than 25 yearsafter treatment. Other agents such as Nitrocaphane (AT-1258), Tisurpurine(AT-1438), Glyciphosphoramide (M-25) and Uraphetine are effective inmalignant lymphomas, Lung cancer, choriocarcinoma and other malignan-cies. Plant principles such as Harringtonine and Homoharringtonine, Hy-droxycamptothecine have been demonstrated with remarkable therapeuticactivity against stomach cancer, acute myeloblastic leukemia and eryro-leukemia, esophageal cancer and others. Pingyangmycin (Bleomycin A5)developed from the soil in China is one of the most effective anticancerdrugs in clinical cancers. Some traditional Chinese medicinal herbs were used and studied as BRMs,and also proved may promote the host defense mechanism in both in vitroan in vivo Studies. Long-term results of cancer patients treated by theseherbs or set prescriptions containing these herbs indicate that the patientswho received this kind of medicinal herbs survived longer than the patientswho received chemotherapy or irradiation alone. Traditional Chinese herbsused as radio-or chemo-sensitizers are also effective both in laboratory andclinical studies.