我国对药物滥用的管制及药物依赖性的研究

THE CONTROL OF DRUG ABUSE AND RESEARCH ON DRUG DEPENDENCE IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

药物滥用不但对人体带来健康损害并造成社会问题,为此我国对药物滥用制定了一些管制条例及措施。如麻醉药品管理、新药审批办法、医疗用毒药、限制性剧毒药管理规定等等。同时为了进一步加强对麻醉药品的管理和对药物滥用的控制,我国建立了协调机构,并且成立了“药物依赖性研究所”以便开展药物依赖性的实验研究以及承担麻醉药品和精神药品两类新药审批的技术审查等。

China suffered from opium scourge for a long period in thehistory, A campaign aimed at the eradication of evil from opium abuse waslaunched immediately after liberation by the Government and it has been.achieved within a short period (1950-1952). The narcotic and psychotropicdrugs are put under strict control in China. In recent years, Chinese Govern-ment has taken effective measures for preventing drug abuse in the country.The major ones were the legislation of drug laws; the ratification of inter-national drug control treaties; the active participation in the collaborationwith the international drug control bodies; the establishment of a Coordina-ting Committee in the State Council for the control of drug abuse and aDrug Dependence Research Centre in Beijing Medical University as a con-sultant unit of the Ministry of Public Health and recently the Centre waspromoted to be the National Institute on Drug Dependence. The research on drug dependence in the People's Republic of China star-ted in ear1y 1980s. Methodological studies using animals as experimentalmodels for the assessment of physical and psychic dependence potential ofsubstances were performed. The natural withdrawal test, precipitation testand substitution test, using rats, mice and monkeys, were applied Ior theevaluation of physical dependence potential. Drugs were given orally or by injection (intraperitoneal or intravenous) in an incremental dose-schedule,furthermore, the drug-admixed-food (DAF) method and drug implantationexperiment (using the sieve particle soaked with drug). were also used. Theself-administration experiments in rats were used for assessing psychic depen-dence potential. Several drugs were tested for their dependence potentialand consultations were given to the Ministry of Public Health.