世界国家公园的回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of the National Parks in the World

国家公园的创意源自美国。世界上现有１００多个国家建有国家公园和准国家公园１２００余座。国家公园的主脉是自然保护和公众游乐。国家公园的管理体制各国有别，但总体上可归纳为中央集权制、地方自治型和综合管理型３大类；无论哪种类型都离不开林业部门的参与和合作。文中介绍了美国国家公园在人事制度、许可证制度和客流量限制等方面所采取的一些具体措施；同时也指出了国家公园面临的困难和问题及未来发展的目标和走向。

Abstract The notion of national park originated in USA. The first national park in theworld was established in Wyo.-Mont-Idaho in USA in 1872. There have been about1 ,200 national parks and quasi-national parks in more than 100 countries up to now.As the world's most important form of nature preservation, the national park has a duble function of nature conservation and public recreation. The administration and man-agement of the national parks and nature reserves vary with countries , and fall into thr-ee types of control : 'central government control', 'local authority control'' and 'in-tegrated management'. But none of them can exclude the participation and collaborationof forestry organizations. Some detailed measures on the aspests of personnel, conces-sions and the rules that the visitors should observe in the national park system of the U-nited States are introduced. The difficulties and problems at present and the objectivesand development trends are pointed out.