卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测中的应用

Application of Satellite Remote Sensing Technologyin the Assessment of Forest Damage

本文阐述了利用先进的卫星遥感技术手段，替代传统目视地面调查方法的必要性和可行性。回顾并总结了近２０年来卫星遥感技术在森林病虫害监测领域的研究进展。展望了卫星遥感监测森林病虫害的前景。本项目为国家＂八．五＂科技攻关项目《松毛虫虫情监测、预测预报及系统管理技术研究》（８５－０１８－０３－０１）的子专题研究内容之一，是在中国科学院院士、中国科学院遥感所所长徐冠华研究员及中国林科院森保所李天生研究员、吴坚副研究员悉心指导下进行的，在此一并致谢。ｗａｌｏｆｆ（１９７２）和Ｓｃｈａｅｆｅｒ（１９６８～１９７６）等人采用航空遥感及雷达技术分别对沙漠蝗的迁飞路线、危害地区、生态环境等进行了一系列的遥感监测［２］，获得良好的效果。但由于航空遥感这种监测手段过于昂贵，以致使发展中国家只好望“机”兴叹，不得不延用多年一贯制的地面调查方法。７０年代以来，随着航空遥感技术的迅速发展，使森林病虫害的遥感监测又有了更先进的技术支持。各国竞相把航天遥感引入森林病虫害和迁飞性害虫的监测中。航天遥感监测具有快速、全面、准确、资料标准和处理便利等优势，因此，将卫星遥感技术引入森林病虫害的监测势在必行。２卫星遥感监测的理论依据鉴于森林植物绿色叶子?

Abstract Forest diseases and insects cause tremendous damage to economy, societyand environment every year.The traditional field survey method has been incompetentto monitor the damage instantly and accurately to curb its spreading.In recent years,the developed countries have widely adopted airborne remote sensing technique in thedetecting forest diseases and insects.Although it is noted for high accuracy and easyhandling,airborne remote sensing technique is not widely applied in most of the devel-oping countries because of its expensive costs.The launching of the Earth ResourceTechnology Satellite(Landsat) in the seventies and especially the use of TM and SpotHRV sensor, have provided the possibility to measure and assess the forest damage inlarge area. Researches in the past ten years or more showed that TM and Spot HRV Da-ta in spatial,spectral and temporal resolution can meet with the practical requirements.The paper describes the latest progress in the assessment of forest damage with LandsatTM and Spot HRV data. With the betterment of the image enhancement processingtechnique and the damage information extracting technique, satellite remote sensingtechnique will be an economically effective means in monitoring and mapping the forestdiseases and insects.