日本的山地治理与开发

The Management and Exploitation ofMountainous Areas in Japan

日本的山地治理与开发扬立文（中国林科院林业所，北京１０００９１）编者按：林业部于今年初推出的“山区林业技术开发计划”，即“富山计划”，已在各地全面启动。这项计划是林业部根据我国山区的实际情况制定的，是一项旨在充分发挥科学技术的先导作用，以山区资源为基...

Abstract Mountain management in Japan is carried out by means of the combination ofbiological measures with engineering projects. In general , the management activities areconcentrated on afforestation and the reconstruction of existing forests, such as trans-forming single-storied into multi-storied forest , transforming pure into mixed forest, re-stricting the area of cutting in protection forests , aiming atthe strengthening of their re-sistance function against flood, soil erosion, sand storm and snow slip. In barren moun-tains dnd areas where landslide mud-rock flow cause disasters the main efforts are madeto undertake engineering constructions, accompanied with tree planting and grass .growing,and thus, to restore forests gradually. The steering function of legislation isstressed in mountain exploitation, the integral design and comprehensive utilization ofmountain resources are exercised to develop the local potential. The funds for mountainexploitation are raised partly from national investment and state subsidy, and for thispurpose favorable terms are offered.