小熊猫对食物的选择和觅食对策的初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FOOD SELECTION AND FEEDING STRATEGY OF RED PANDAS

作者在四川马边大风顶自然保护区对小熊猫的食物选择和觅食对策进行了研究，结果表明小熊猫喜欢选择在坡度较大，林木郁闭度适中，竹子生长良好，竹子密度适中，离水源较近的杜鹃－大叶筇竹林中活动觅食，喜食大叶筇竹竹叶和竹笋，偶食白背玉山竹竹叶和竹笋，不食刺竹。并且对大叶筇竹竹龄和竹叶也有明显的选择，喜食１、２年生竹龄或刚萌生的幼嫩竹叶。环境中每１ｍ￣２的大叶筇竹竹叶能提供２８５０．０９ｋＪ的能量，若按１％的利用率计算，能提供２８．５ｋＪ的能量，而小熊猫每天能量需求为３６２６．４４３７ｋＪ，全年共需１．３２３７×１０￣６ｋＪ，即环境中每０．０４６５ｋｍ￣２的大叶筇竹竹叶生物量能满足１只小熊猫全年能量的需求。

Red panda′s feeding strategy and bamboo biomass were studied in the MabianDafengding Natural Reserve in order to understand better how this herbivorous carni-vore to adapt the special food一bamboo leaves,Among the three bamboo species,redpanda prefers leaves and shoots of Qiongzhuea macrophylla to those of Bashania glauca,because the nutritive quality of the former is better than that of the latter.Pandas neverfeed on Chimonobambusa pachstachys due to the worst nutritive quality among the threebamboo species.Besides,the red panda also likes to select new leaves on the one or twoyears old stems.Daily energy requirement of a red panda is estimated 3 626.443 7kJ,annual requirement 1.323 7× 10￣6kJ.Leaves of Qiongzhuea macrophylla per square me-ter can supply 2 850.09kj digestible energy. If a red panda only uses 1% of the total en-ergy supplied by leaves per square meter,only 0.046 5 km￣2 bamboo leaves can meet theannual energy requirement of a red panda.