赤狐的活动节律与产仔洞穴的选择

ACTIVITY RHYTHMS AND DISTRIBUTION OF NATAL DENS FOR RED FoXES

本文对赤狐（Ｖｕｌｐｅｓｖｕｌｐｅｓ）的产仔洞穴、活动节律和巢区大小进行了研究。赤狐产仔洞穴全部为喜马拉雅旱獭（Ｍａｒｍｏｔａｈｕｍａｌａｙａｎａ）的居住洞，一般洞口数较多（平均４．８个），分布于高寒灌丛（７１％），距干扰因素较远（大于１．５ｋｍ），常位于坡中部（７１％）．影响其选择的主要因素是隐蔽性和安全性。赤狐的产仔洞穴相对稳定，平均利用时间为３．３年，利用时间的长短与环境条件的稳定性有关。赤狐通常在夜间活动，主要是觅食，而白天有时成体携幼体在洞穴附近进行短时间的非觅食活动，活动的高峰期为１８００一０８００时。雌雄成体共同哺育幼体，活动范围相同而多单独活动。成体赤狐的巢区面积平均为７．９ｋｍ￣２。

The,red fox,Vulpes vulpes,was investigated with snow tracking,radiotracking anddirective observation at the Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem,A-cademia Sinica。from March to September l994.The objectives of this study were to de-termine the distribution and use of natal dens, activity rhythms,and home range sizesfor the foxes。1。The fox did not dig the dens by itself, all natal dens were using the tunnel sys-tems of the Himalayan Marmots。At the early period of breeding season。it searched andselected the dens with the multi- entrance(average 4.8 entrances/den),the distributionin the alpine shrub(7l%), the distance far away from disturbance factors(averagemore than 1.5 km。)and the middle part of slope(7l%);its reason was safety。 The av-erage utilized period of dens was 3.3 year。2.The activity peak of the fox was at night mainly for foraging food and diurnal ac-tivity was that of adult playing with the youngs near the dens,its peak was 1800 0800hr。3.During the breeding season,both of adult male and female took care of theyoungs and had the same activity area。The average home range size of adult fox was7.9 Km￣2 and of the young was 2.29 km￣2.The home range between adjacent individualswas overlapping。