中国对虾对维生素B_2、B_5、B_6营养需要的研究

STUDIES ON THE REQUIREMENT FOR RIBOFLAVIN,NICOTINAMIDE AND PYRIDOXINE IN THE PRAWN PENAEUS CHINENSIS

研究了三种水溶性维生素Ｂ２、Ｂ５和Ｂ６在以酪蛋白为蛋白源的饲料中的不同含量对中国对虾的存活率、体重增重率、体长增长率、蛋白质消化率及实验维生素在体内的累积量等方面的影响。结果表明，在每１００ｇ饲料中维生素Ｂ２、Ｂ５和Ｂ６的含量分别为１０（体重１．５３ｇ）—２０ｍｇ（体重６．００ｇ）、４０ｍｇ、１４ｍｇ时，上述指标均达最佳，维生素缺乏或过量都会阻碍对虾生长。在适宜添加量范围内，随着饲料中维生素Ｂ６的增加，对虾肝胰脏中类胰蛋白酶活力也增加，并在ＶＢ６添加量为０．０１４％时最高。适量的ＶＢ６对类胰蛋白酶起着激活作用，从而促进蛋白质的消化吸收，有利于对虾的生长。在实验条件下，Ｃ１８：２ｎ－６、２０：４ｎ－６及２０：５ｎ－３的含量皆以添加０．０１４％ＶＢ６时为最高，而１８：３ｎ－３和２２：６ｎ－３的含量则以添加０．０２８％ＶＢ６时为最高。适量添加维生素Ｂ６可提高组织中高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量。

A feeding trial for two times with purified diet was conducted to study the influnces of different levels of three kinds of water-soluble vitamins (riboflavin, nicotinamide and pyridoxine) on survival, weight,gaining rate, digestibility and bodily contents of the test vitamins of the prawn Penaeus Chinensis. The results indicated that each of the above biological index reached a highest value when the prawns were fed on the diet containing 0. 01 (body weight 1. 53 g) - 0. 02(body weight 6. 00 g) of riboflavin, 0. 04% of nicotinamideand 0. 014% of pyridoxine. Either deficit or excess of the vitamin in the diet would reduce the rate of growth and survival of the prawn.The specific activities of tryptase in the hepatopancreas of the prawn increased when the pyridoxine level ranging from 0 to 0. 014%, became higher and reached the highest value when the pyridoxine level in the diet was 0. 014%. optimal pyridoxine level played an activating role to tryptase, promoted the digestion and absorption of dietary protein and the growth of the prawn.Under the conditions of the present trial, the contents of C18: 2n-6, 20: 4n-6 and 20: 5n-3 in the prawn became highest when the pyridoxine level in the diet was 0. 014%. While the contents of 18: 3n-3 and 22: 6n-3 in the prawn became highest when the pyridoxine level in the diet was 0. 028%, optimal dietary pyridoxine level would raise the contents of HUFA in the prawn.