利用环境同位素及水文实验研究集水区产流方式

Various patterns of basin runoff generation identified by hydrological experiment and water tracing using environmental isotopes

在专门设计建造的３个实验集水区内，测得降水有地面及地面下的各种径流响应，对１９７９－１９９２年多次产流现象经水文试验和环境同位素氚及氧－１８进行了研究，识别出分别属于地面径流和地面下径流的共１１种产流方式，各种产流方式中只有少数遵循达西定律，多数涉及水分通过水－气界面的特殊土壤水流动问题而与此不符．

Surface and subsurface responses form precipitation events within three specially designed experimental catchments were monitored directly. The independence of these components were demonstrated isotopically and hydrochemically. Any component could dominate quantitatively the runoff event and could be formed first, they contribute to basin runoff generation separately or jointly.Eleven different patterns of surface and subsurface runoff generation have identified and classified from precipitation events during 1979--1992 by hydrological exrieriment and water tracing using environmental isotopes 3H and 'SO. In general, the requirements of runoff generation are the arrival of saturation and zero matrix potential of soil water with different conditions for different components. It is shown that only a few of them obey Darcy's Law but the others which closely related to another phenomenon of soil water moving out through the air--water interface can never be explained by it, and, it's not necessary for runoff generation of natural basins that the rate of rain exceeds the infiltration capacity of soil as classic concepts of runoff generation implied.