论水土保持综合治理作用及防治措施──以昕水河流域的水沙变化为例

Discussion on the Effect of Comprehensive Harnessing and Prevention Measures of Soil and Water Loss──According to the Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Variations in Xishui River Watershed

经不同系列对比，昕水河１９７０年以后较１９７０年以前径流量、洪水量、输沙量分别减少了４２．７％，４３．２％，５１．８％，分析结果表明：因降水减少而影响１６．２％，１９．５％，１４．９％，因下垫面变化而影响２６．５％，２３。７％，３６．９％。综合治理减水减沙效益分别为３２．０％，４３．７％，其中坡面措施占６４．４％，３０．３％；水利措施占２１．５％，８．５％；水保工程占１８．７％，７０．４％；人为因素占─４．６％，─９．２％。且几种计算方法结果接近。据此阐明了综合治理在治黄中的作用，并提出了预防治理措施。

According to the comparison of different series data,the amount of runoff,total floodvolume and sediment transport in Xishui Rlver watershed respectively decreased 42.7%,43.2%and 51.8% after 1970 than before it and the effect of rainfall decreasing on them respectively oc-cupies 16.2%,19.5%and 14.9%,the effect of the earth’s surface factors variation on them re-spectively occupies 26.5%,23.7% and 36.9%. After comprehensive harnessing,the benefits ofdecreasing runoff and sediment are respectively 32.0%,43.7%,in which slop measures occupy64.4%,30.3%,water conservancy practices occupy 21.5%,8.5%,conservation engineeringoccupies 18.7%,70.4%, human factor occupies 4.6%, 9.2%。Based on these,compre-hensive harnessing the roleof in the Yellow River are disussed,and some prevention and harness-ing measures are put forward.