不同覆盖材料对春玉米田间土壤水热状况和生长发育及产量的影响

Effect of Different Covered Materials on Water and Tempreture of Soil Growth and Development as well as Yield in Spring Corn Field

用目前国内外普遍使用的４种农田覆盖材料（地膜、草纤维膜、比利时沥青乳剂、秸秆）和天津轻化所研制的土面覆盖剂６＃、６５＃于１９９２年在北京进行了春玉米田间应用效果对比试验，结果是增温效应以地膜、草纤维膜和６＃最好，分别比裸地提高土壤温度０．１７℃和０．１６℃．秸秆覆盖较裸地低０．８９℃，保墒效应则以秸秆最好，较裸地提高土壤水分１．９２％，地膜、６＃、沥青乳剂、草膜分别较裸地土壤水分提高１．３４％、０．５６％、０．３７％、０．２３％，６５＃低于裸地０．２１％。国内外土面覆盖剂对春玉米生育期均无明显影响，地膜和草纤维膜处理的玉米发育期提前３～６天，秸秆覆盖延迟２～３天。各种覆盖材料对玉米的增产效果是：地膜增产１０．１３％、草膜增产８．０％，秸秆增产６．６％，６５＃增产５．７％，沥青乳剂增产５．５％，６＃增产２．６％

We have tested influences of 4 kinds of materials covered soil surface (plastic film,string film,strawand)and No.6.No.65 of covered soil Afents which were made in Institute of Tianjing light chemical industry on soil water and temperature,growth and developement as well as yeild of spring corn,at the Beijing in 1992. Plastic film,strlng film and No.6 had the best benefit to increase 0.17℃ and 0. 16 ℃ soil's tempreture compared with uncovered soil. Straw covered soil reduce,0. 89℃ of soil tempreture compared with uncovered,and had the best benefit to store soil moisture, and enhance soil moisture 1.92% Plastic film, No.6, asphalt agent and straw covered add 1.34%, 0.56%,0.37%,0.23 % soil moisture respectively. No. 65 lows 0.21% soil moisture of compared with uncovered. Soil covered agents at home and broad had no significal influence on spring corn development. Plastic film and string film advance 3￣6 days of growth age,and straw pats off 2￣3 days. Increasing ments of yield of covered materials are 10. 13% of plastic film was, 8.0% of straw covered was, straw 6. 6%,No. 65 was 5.7%,5. 5% was asphalt agent,2.6% respectively was No. 6.