台湾水土保持工程及研究

Soil and Water Conservation Engineering and Research in Taiwan

台湾四周环海，属海岛型气候，因此降雨量常受海洋气团之影响，致年平均雨量约２５００ｍｍ；每当台风季节来临时，使原本地质脆弱、地势陡峻、溪陡流急之集水区中上游地区，产生冲蚀、崩塌、土石流及泥砂淤塞河道等现象，以致灾害频传。为减少台湾地区发生洪水灾害之损失，除对集水区之降雨及洪流特性透过分析探讨外，应配合对冲蚀、崩塌、土石流、河道输砂等机制作研究，然后实施治理，才能减少灾害之损失。因此有关台湾集水区之治理，包括林业经营、农地水土保持、防砂工程、崩塌地处理、道路水土保持、防洪工程等。本文仅就水土保持工程之主要工法作一描述，对所实施之各项治理工程透过水文学、水理学及土壤力学之观点及研究来探讨其成败之原因，供为今后实施水土保持各项治理之依据。

Taiwan is surrounded by the sea and her climate is island type, so that rainfall is often affected by the ocean air masses, and the annual average rainfall amounts are about 2500mm. When the typhoon season is coming to the area of up-and-upper watersheds, due to the geographic weakness, steep slopeland and channel slope and fast flow that can lead to erosion, landside, mudflow and sediments deposition on the channel bed, then disaster frequentlyoccurrs.To decrease the loss of peak flow in Taiwan Region, except to discuss rainfall characteriStics and peak flow mechanism in watershed, it must match the study in the mechanism of erosion,landside, mudflow and channel sediment transport, and then to carry out some treatments that can be expected to decrease the loss of disaster. Therefore, the treatment of watershed in Tat.wan area includes forest management, farmland soil and water conservation, sabo engineering,landside treatment, road of soil and water conservation, flow prevention engineering etc.This paper has only described the primary engineering method of soil and water conservation that was discussed the success and failure from the viewpoint and research of hydrology,hydraulics and soil mechanics. It can become the criteria of treatment for soil and water conservation in the future.