摘要
高温气冷反应堆使用了一种全陶瓷结构的燃料元件，它里边包含大量的直径不超过７ｍｍ、用热解炭层包覆的微型小球。这种燃料元件能否在反应堆中安全使用，关键在于热解发包覆层的质量。而其质量指标中非常重要的一项就是热解炭晶粒的择尤取向程度。测定热解炭择尤取向程度的常用方法是用Ｘ射线衍射技术测定各向异性因子ＢＡＦ，但用这个方法直接来测定尺寸很小而又是球壳形的热解炭包覆层会有很大困难。近年来发展了一种用光学原理测定各向异性因子ＯＰＴＡＦ的方法，用它能直接在微型燃料球上快速、精细地测定热解炭色覆层的晶粒择尤取向程度。这个方法对热解炭沉积机理的研究、沉积工艺参数的选定、生产过程的质量控制及对堆内使用着的颗粒燃料的监测等，都有很大的实用价值。本文着重介绍这种光学测定方法的基本原理、使用的仪器设各和测试过程，并在已进行过的工作基础上给出了热解炭包覆层光学各向异性因子ＯＰＡＦ的几组典型数据。
The all-ceramic type of fuel element,which consists of a great number of microfuel spheres coated with PyC, has been used in high temperature gas-cooled reactors The quslity of PyC coatings is the key point for safely using these fuel elements in reactors. The orientation anisotropy of the PyC coatings is one of the most important parameters of quality control. During recent years, an optical method measuring orientation anisotropy has been developed. it is easy for the optical procedure in comparison with the X-ray procedure to be used directly with coated particles. The orientation anisotropy expressed with Optical Anisotropy Factor (OPTAF),can be measured rapidly and precisely by this method. This method will be of great practical value in research of the PyC deposition mechanisms,selection of technical parameters,quality control of manufacturing process. and survey of fuel particles being used.The elementary principle,apparatus and measuring procedure of the optical method were emphatically introduced, the data of the optical anisotropy (OPTAF ) of several typical PyC coatings was given in this paper.
出处
《炭素》
1995年第2期18-23,共6页
Carbon
