中国化肥工业的现状和展望

SITUATION AHD OUTLOOK OF FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IN CHINA

中国化肥工业取得了长足进展，到１９９３年全国已建成化肥生产能力２７８０万吨（纯养分，下同），其中Ｎ２０８７万吨，Ｐ＿２Ｏ＿５６７３万吨，Ｋ＿２Ｏ＿２０万吨，以及配套的磷矿１５２８万吨（以含Ｐ＿２Ｏ＿５３０％计），硫铁矿１１７１万吨（以含Ｓ３５％计）。１９４９—１９９３的４４年间累计施用化肥３８０５６万吨，其中国产化肥２９０５７万吨，进口化肥８９９９万吨，国产占７６．４％。我国化肥必需有一个更大的发展，估计２０００年可能需要４２００万吨。应该主要立足国内发展，进口只能是辅助性的。目前我国化肥产地养分水平为２６．５％，与国外平均４０％相比还有一定差距，希望２０００年可以达到３２％，因此在化肥品种上应注意发展高浓度品种，但对某些传统品种，如普钙和碳铵，因为它们有一定的优点，也应予以适当注意。此外，我国化肥工业应进一步节能降耗，提高技术装备水平。

Chemical fertilizer Industry of China has already made great progress since1949.By 1993,the total fertilizer production capacity that has been built was 27.8Mt,including 20.9 Mt of N,6.73 Mt of P_2O_5,and 200 thousand t of K_2O. The ac-cumulated ammount of fertilizer nutrients applied into soil during 1949 1993 was380.6 Mt of which 90 Mt was imported accounting for 23.6%of the total.It is es-timated that by the end of the century 42 Mt of fertilizer would be needed to meetthe requirement of agricutural production in China.It’s supply should mainly relyon China’s own Industry.The average nutrients content of fertilizer of China is 26.5%now which is stillmuch lower than the world average(about 40%).So China should pay even grea-ter attention to the production of higher grade fertilizers.A few low grade fertili-zers like single superphosphate and NH_4HCO_3 will still be important sources in Chinain the near future.Improvement of technigue of fertilizer production in order to lower the energycomsumption and better equipment for the industry are also the main points neededto.solve,