烟草尘致大鼠肺脏损伤的病理形态学观察

Pathomorphological observation on lung lesions caused by tobacco dust

实验采用１５０只健康ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分为烟草、石英和正常３组。正常组经气管１次注入无菌生理盐水１ｍｌ／只；烟草和石英组分别注入含纯烟草尘和石英尘的无菌生理盐水悬液（５０ｇ／Ｌ）１ｍｌ／只。染尘后分别于３、６、９和１２个月对大鼠肺组织进行电镜和光镜的观察。结果发现在早期即出现了数量较多、大小不等、形态各异的细胞性结节，并随着时间的延长，结节逐渐融合成片。灶内出现较多的网状纤维和条索状胶原纤维，并伴有灶周及小叶中心性肺气肿。以单核和多核巨细胞为主的肉芽肿出现在病变各期是烟草尘的致病特点。烟草尘进入体内引起肺组织的损伤、抗损伤和修复，这一过程的反复出现导致了肺的间质纤维化。

One hundred and fifty rats were administered intratracheally with 1ml tobacco dust suspension (508/L),quartz dust suspension (50g/L)or physiological saline.The pathological changes of lungs were observed under electron microscope and light microscope at 6,6, 9,and l 2 months after the rats were administered.Cellular nodes of different shapes and different sizes were seen in lungs at early time.Gradually,the nodes became a mass. There were plenty of reticular fibers and scattered collagenous fibers in nidlus of rat lungs.The lungs were complicated by perifocal and centrilobutar emphysema. It is the characteristic change of tobacco dusted lung that multinuclear giant cells and foreign-body giant cells appear in granuloma at every stages.