光周期敏感细胞质雄性不育小麦的初步研究

PRELIMLNARY STUDIES ON PHOTOPERIOD-SENSITIVE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN WHEAT

选用属Ｄ２型细胞质的粗厚山羊草（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓｃｒａｓｓａ）、牡山羊草（Ａｅ．ｊｕｖｅｎａｌｉｓ）和瓦维洛夫山羊草（Ａｅ．ｖａｖｉｌｏｖｉｉ）分别与普通小麦（Ｔｒ．ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）品种鄂恩１号、ＮＰＦＰ和白皮２２４连续回交进行核置换组配的９个异质系（即核质杂种）［１］，和核供体品种鄂恩１号、ＮＰＦＰ和白皮２２４，于分蘖始期（叶原基期）和拔节始期（小花分化期）分别置于１５．５～１６ｈ和２４ｈ长光照下，以武汉自然光照为对照．抽穗时套袋隔离，取样用碘液进行花粉育性观察．结果表明：（１）三个核供体品种在不同发育时期进行上述光长处理，对雄性不育和结实率没有明显影响．而异质小麦在分率始期给予２４ｈ长光照处理，花粉高度不育或全不育，在拔节始期进行上述处理，雄性不育和结实率下降程度大大减低．（２）在异质小麦中以牡山羊草对２４ｈ长光照最敏感，其次为粗厚山羊草和瓦维洛夫山羊草．（３）１５．５～１６ｈ光长对引起雄性不育虽有一定效果，但不及２４ｈ光长影响大．（４）在同一异质条件下，不同核对引起雄性不育的程度有异．（５）碘染花粉观察育性与套袋结实率的变化结果相一致．（６）Ｄ２型细胞质可作为小麦光周期敏感细胞质雄性不育来源的重要遗?

Triticum aestivum cv. E-en-1,NPFP and bai-pi 224 with Aegilops crassa,Ae.juvenalis and Ae.vavilqvii cytoplasm (all belongs to D2 cyteplasmic type) have been studied relative to its photoperiodic response of male sterility. These alloplasmic lines showed almost complete male sterility under 24 hour long day condition from the beginning of tillering to heading,wheras part male fertility was observed under 15. 5～ 16 hour long day condition at the same stage. At the beginning of stem elongation under 24 hour long day condition,thesealloplasmic lines showed part male sterility at the same stage. When they were put under 15.5～16 hour long day condition,high male fertility was observed. No significant influence of various light period condition on seed set percentages (%)and the pollen fertility was observed in the euplasmc lines of three common wheat cultivars. Consequently,this type of malesterility may be called photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS). This system may be used in hybrid wheat breeding.