我国水土保持四十年

Soil and water conservation in China : 40 years

新中国成立40年来,水土保持工作有4个发展较快时期,其中以党的十一届三中全会以来较为健康、扎实。国务院加强了领导,逐步建立健全了机构,加强了法制,先后确定13片重点防治区,实行了多种形式承包治理责任制,使水土保持工作由单一分散治理转向按流域综合集中治理,由防护性治理转向开发性治理,取得了成效。全国累计治理面积达50万平方公里,占水土流失面积的1/3。以多沙闻名世界的黄河,已治理水土流失面积30%,由于治理每年减沙2亿多吨。长江上游水土保持亦进入了有计划重点防治的新阶段。科研和人才培养也有较大发展。文章总结了40年来我国水土保持工作的经验、教训,展望了本世纪末的前景。

Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China for 40 years, the soil and water conservation work has undergone 4 periods subject to rapid development, among which the period has become more stable and sound since 1980. During this period , the State Council strengthened leadership and legal system;the corresponding organizations were established and perfected step by step;13 key areas of soil erosion control have been Iocated;the various forms of responsibilites aimed at improving small watershed on basis of contracts have been adopted;the control work were turned from single to comprehensive and from protection to development. Up to now,the accumulated area of 500000 km2 has been controlled, covering one third of total eroded area in China. The Yellow River has been controlled on 30% of eroded land, sediment delivery has reduced by 200 million tons annually. The soil and water conserv ation work in upper reaches of the Yangtze River has uttered into a new stage of planning and laying emphasis on the main region. Considerable progress is achieved in scientific research and personnel training. This paper sums up the experience and lessons for the past 40 years and looks forward to the end of this century.