常温“四合一”磷化液的研制

On the Normal Temperature"Four Merged into One" Phosphoric Agent

由于一般的“四合一”处理工艺的废液排放污染环境，常温下除油效果差等原因，因此，研制常温“四合一”磷化新工艺有着极其重要的经济价值和科学性．从理论上探讨了常温磷化工艺的设计，其关键是ＰＨ值的控制，选择性的加入促进剂和成膜助剂等．以磷酸、复合磷酸盐为基本原料，用不污染环境的促进剂，除油剂、钝化剂及成膜助剂成功地研制开发了一种效果较好的常温“四合一”磷化液．同时从理论上对磷化成膜机理进行了初步探讨．磷酸与钢铁表面作用，致使磷化液系统内磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐达到饱和状态，发生电化学反应，使得金属离子沉积于钢铁表面形成磷化膜．常温“四合一”磷化液的主要创新在于克服了单一ＯＰ乳化剂作为“四合一”磷化液除油剂的传统工艺的缺点，消除了传统工艺中铬酸盐对环境的污染，使用方便，改善了劳动条件．

he theoretical design of normal temperature phosphoric technology is discussed in this paper.its crux was the control of PH during the phosphoric process and the choice of accelerant and film forming agents.The new normal temperature 'four merged into one'phosphoric agent was obtained successfully,which were made from phosphoric acid,complex phosphorate and other auxiliaries,such as accelerant,film forming agent and remover of oil which do not pollute the environment.This phosphoric agent posseses the following characteristics:raw material can be easily obtained and it has no environmental pollution.The mechanism based on which film was formed by the phosphoric technology was investigated initially,The action of the phosphoric acid with the surface of the steel caused the phosphorate to reach saturation,electrochemical reaction to occur and metal ions to deposit and form phosphoric film on the surface of the steel.