棉花优良新品种泗棉3号高频体细胞胚发生和植株再生的研究

HIGH FREQUENCY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENGSIS AND PLANT REGENERATION OF ELITE COTTON VARIETY

选择我国棉花优良品种泗棉３号进行组织培养，获得了具有高频胚胎发生的愈伤组织、胚状体和小植株。在附加ＺＴ的ＭＳ培养基上，泗棉３号的下胚轴、子叶、根均诱导获得了愈伤组织，但其形成率和形成量不同，其中下胚轴较易诱导获得愈伤组织，根和子叶较差。ＺＴ对愈伤组织形成和生长形响较大，其在愈伤组织诱导中较适宜的使用浓度为３．０或５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。诱导获得的愈伤组织不经继代培养，７０天后可形成两类性质不同的愈伤组织：胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织。将胚性愈伤组织转入不含任何激素的培养基上，２０天后可形成不同发育时期的体细胞胚。不同外植体体细胞发生的能力不同，根较易，胚轴次之，子叶较差。低浓度的ＺＴ有利于胚性愈伤组织的产生。不同培养基对泗棉３号胚性愈伤组织增殖、体细胞胚形成和萌发的影响不同。２，４－Ｄ有利于胚性愈伤组织的增殖，但不利于体细胞胚形成和萌发；活性炭的添加或ＺＴ与ＩＡＡ的合理配合可促进体细胞胚形成和萌发。木试验中最有利于胚性愈伤组织增殖的培养基为ＺＨ＋１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ＋０．５ｍｇ／ＬＫＴ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＺＴ；最有利于体细胞胚形成和萌发的培养基为ＭＳ＋Ｂ＿５＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＺＴ＋２ｇ／Ｌ活性炭。胚性愈伤组织不断在?

We chose our country′s elite cotton variety Simian No. 3 for tissue culture ,and obtainded cal-lus with high frequency embryogenesis, somatic embryos and plantlets. On MS medium only with ZT , all of explants produced callus ,but the percentage and growth of callus was different,hypocotypl was easier to pro-duce callus,but cotyledon and root were difficult. ZT concentrations affected the induction and proliferation of callus greatly and the best concentration for callus induction was 3.0 or 5.0mg/L. callus could be classi-fied into two kinds:embryogenic and nonembryogenic callus after 70 days of culture. Embryogenic callus were chosen and transfered into MS medium without any hormons ,it produced various developmental stage somatic embryos after 20 days of subeulture. The ability of embryogenesis was affected by the kinds of ex-plants,root was easier ,cotyledon was more difficult ; low ZT concentration was advantageous to the induc-tion of embryogenic callus. Madia had great effects on the proliferation of embryogenic callus ,the differentia-tion and germination of somatic embryos of Simian No, 32,4-D were advantageous to the ptolifetation of embryogenic callus,but not to the differantiation and germination of somatic embryos;adding carbon activeor proper combination of ZT and IAA could promote the ptoduction , maturation and germination of somatic embryos. In this experiment ,the best medium for the proliferation of embryogenic callus was ZH+1.0 mg/L2,4-D+0.5 mg/LKT+0.5mg/L ZT,the best medium for the differentiation and germination of somat-ic embryos was MS+B_5+0.1 mg/L ZT+2g/Lcarbon active. Embryogenic callus with various develop-mental stage somatic embryos were chosen and subeultured on MS+B_5+1 mg/L ZT+2g/L carbon ac-tive for more times , we have selected embryogenic eell lines with、high frequency embryogensis and estab- lished a culture procedure of Simian No. 3 embryogenesis and plant regeneration.