禾本科植物叶片表皮结构细胞主要类型的演化与系统分类和发育途径的探讨

STUDIES ON CONSTITUENT CELLS OF LEAF EPIDERMIS,SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENETIC PATH OF THE FAMILY POACEAE

通过对禾本科２０３属３２８种植物的叶表皮解剖观察，对表皮各类结构细胞分别进行了演化探讨。根据结构细胞在类群间呈现的各种差异以及与外部形态、地理分布的相互印证，将禾本科分划为５亚科３超族，原来的芦竹亚科被归并到黍亚科中。同时以结构细胞在类群中显示的类型数、类型演化总体水平和类型变异趋势，对禾本科各大类群进行了系统位置的评认和亲缘关系、演化途径的推导。

In the present paper,anatomic examinations are made on the leaf epidermises of 328 grassspecies involved in 203 genera and the evolutionary trends of the constituent cells are discussed.Based on differences of the constituent cells of the leaf epidermises shown among taxa and theirmutual corroborations to external morphology and geographical distribution,the family Poaceaeis devided into five subfamilies and three supertribes:Subfam.1.Bambusoideae Nees;Subfam.。2.Oryzoideae Parodi;Subfam.3. Panicoideae A, Br.,including Supertrib.AndropogonataeL.Liou;Subfam,4.Chloridoideae Rouy,including Supertrib.Eragrostidatae L.B.Cai,nom.nov..;Subfam.5.Pooideae,including Supertrib.Triticanae Macfarlane&Watson.The Sub-fam.Arundinoideae Tateoka treated in the past is reduced to the Subfam.Panicoideae A. Br..The numbers,the main evolutionary levels and the trends of variations of the types shownby the constituent cells among taxa may be regarded as the bases that infer the levels and thepaths of the evolution of these taxa, The results of studies show that the Subfam.BambusoideaeNess is the most primitive in the family,the Subfam.Oryzoideae Parodi is slightly more ad-vanced than the former,the evolutionary position of Subfam.Panicoideae A.Br.is intermediatein the family the Subfam.Chloridoideae Rouy is more advanced than it,and the Subfam.Pooideae is the most advanced among the five subfamilies;the Subfam.Oryzoideae Parodi andthe Subfam.Panicoideae A.Br.derive immediately from the Subfam.Bambusoideae Ness. theSubfam.Chloridoideae Rouy derives from the Subfam.Panicoideae A.Br.,and the Subfam.Pooideae derives from the Subfam.Chloridoideae Rouy.Below the rank of subfamily ,the lig-neous bamboo derives from the herbaceous bamboo,the lianoid bamboo is more primitive thanthe arbuscular bamboo or the arborescent bamboo,the paddies standing and floating in water aremore advanced than those of the xeromorph and the semi xeromorph ; the supertribe withspikelets compressed laterally is more primitive than that with spikelets compressed dorsally, thespiculate supertribes are more advanced than the panicled ones.