四川盆地提型杂种小麦育性恢复的遗传研究

INHERITANCE OF MALE FERTILITY RESTORATION IN HYBRID WHEAT WITH TRITICUM TIMOPHEEVI CYTOPLASM IN SICHUAN

根据自交结实率在三个Ｆ２群体中的分布，对四川盆地提型杂种小麦育性恢复的遗传规律进行了研究。试验结果表明，二对主效恢复基因足以使提型不育系的结实率达９０％以上。这两对主效基因是完全显性，具有累加性质，它们的效应有大小之分；效应大的主效基因能稳定地使不育系的结实率恢复到８５％左右；效应较小的主效基因能恢复６０％左右的结实率，微效基因和遗传背景对其表现度有较大的影响。除主效基因外，恢复系中可能还具有２—３对微效基因，它们的外显率和表现度似乎与遗传背景有关。二对主效恢复基因的显性累加遗传方式意味着，在四川盆地比较容易选育出恢复力高的提型恢复系。

Based on the distribution of seed set ratio among 3 F2 populatons,the inheritance of male fertility restoration in hybrid wheats with T.timopheevi cytoplasm bred in Sichuan Basin were studied. Experimental results showed that 2 major restorer genes(Rf) were enough to restore the seed set ratio over 90% for sterile lines.These Rf genes were completely dominant and accumulative.Their effects were different.The major Rf gene with strong effect could restore about 85% of seed set ratio of male sterile lines.Another major Rf gene,which was affected by minor genes and genetic background,could restore about 60% of seed set ratio.Besides two major Rf genes,the restorer lines might have 2～3 minor genes.The penetrance and expressivity of minor restorer genes might be associated with genetic background.The genetic behavior of two dominant and cumulative major Rf genes suggested that it was not difficult to select restorer lines with high restoration ability in Sichuan Basin.