小麦几个茎叶穗形态性状的遗传分析

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME STEM,LEAF AND SPIKE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN WHEAT

用１２个小麦亲本，采用不完全双列杂交方式建立３５个组合，对１５个小麦茎叶穗形态性状进行了遗传分析．结果表明：所测１５个性状遗传力均较高。除小穗数主要由基因加性效应决定，非加性基因效应不显著外，其余１４个性状的表现由加性和非加性基因共同决定。除小穗数和叶宽外，其余各性状的Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｖ．均较大，表明对其选择和改良的潜力较大。亲本的自身表现与一般配合力密切相关。８１６８—０—１４，绵８９—４７和陕西７８５９是茎叶穗综合形态性状一般配合力较好的亲本，绵０１８２１具有较强致矮力。文中探讨了利用Ｆ１遗传信息，对指导亲本选配的作用和意义。

wheat cultivars were used for the7×5 incomplete diallel cross.The genetic behaviors of the 15 stem.leaf and spike characters were studied.The results indicated that the heritability of the 15 traits was high.The spikelet number was only controlled by additive gene and the other traits were controlled by both additive and non additive gene.The genetic coefficient of variance(GCV) of the other traits were high except that of spikelet number and flag leaf width,implicating that there was great genetic potential in selecting and improving these traits.The parents'performance was closely related to the general combining ability.Among these 12 parents, 8168-0-14.Mian 89-47and Shanxi 7859 was good general combiners and Mian 01821 had stronger dwarf ability.The probabilitiy of using F1's genetic information to direct selection of parents were discussed.