竞争与合作共存的非线性模型

The Nonlinear Models on Coexistence of Competition and Cooperation

在寡头垄断的市场中,寡头之间既联合又竞争,它们之间的这种关系随时间演化的景现非常复杂,有的可用数学模型来描述和分析,而有的只能用计算机模型来模拟分析.非线性经济学作为描述和分析复杂经济现象的一门新学科,可以用它来描述和分析经济系统中的这种复杂现象,本文综述了混沌理论和初等细胞自动机模型在寡头垄断理论中的应用.

In oligopoly, firms are both cooperative and competitive. These market interactions can lead to very complex scenarios. Some of the scenarios can be described by mathematical models and others can be only depicted by computer models. In this paper, we review the applications of nonlinear science to the oligopoly theory. We forstly discuss the occurrence of periodic and chaotic phenomena in infinite horizon duopoly games where firms maximize their discounted sum of profits and use Markov prefect equilibrium strategies. Then we review the cellular automaton models of dynamic oligopoly that show that cartel can still be observed in completely deterministic models where myopic firms compete through price in finite time. In these models the competitive and cooperative behaviors can coexist throughout time and result in complex dynamic regimes.