儿童逻辑关系认知发展的实验研究

A STUDY OF CHILDREN′S LOGICAL COGNITION DEVELOPMENT

通过追踪研究和横断研究相结合的方法研究７岁、９岁和１２岁儿童的逻辑关系认知能力的发展。结果表明：儿童的认知成绩随着年龄的增长而提高，不同项目间差异很大，而且不同实验项目有不同的发展速度。儿童间的个别差异也很大，这主要与儿童的家庭教育程度以及城市与郊区不同学校教育条件等因素有关，并且儿童的逻辑关系认知能力与儿童的学习能力，学习成绩以及儿童的智力水平有很高的相关。另外儿童的物理逻辑认知并非都按固定不变的顺序发展。

Four items of logical cognition tasks, which consisted of volume conservation, class inclusion, multiplication of class and multiplication of relations,were used to examine the same children of 7-yr-olds,9-yr-olds and 12-yrolds in primary schools for exploring the age differences, inter-intra-individual differences on the cognitive development. The results showed:(1)The results of the cross-section and longitudinal studies showed consistently that achievement of cognition advanced with age.(2)The interindividual differences of children for cognitive development was effected by the schooling quailities,the educated level of the parents and the level of intellgence of the child.(3)The acquisition of the concepts which were assumed to belong to the same cognitive structure was not synchronous. The children′s cognitive development doesn′t change according to a fixed order-from simple to complex.