汉语习语理解研究

A STUDY ON THE COMPREHENSION OF OF CHINESE IDIOMS

研究宗旨是探讨中国成人对汉语中三字习语的加工处理问题。研究材料包括：（１）动宾结构的惯用语，既有比喻意义又有字面意义；（２）动宾结构的一般三字词组；（３）偏正结构的三字惯用语，既有比喻意义又有字面意义；（４）偏正结构的一般三字词组；（５）动宾结构的惯用语。只有比喻意义而无字面意义；（６）三字词。它们都是被试所熟悉的。向３５名成人呈现这些词语和（７）无意义三字组合，要求他们作意义判别。结果表明，所有惯用语的判断反应均无显著性差异，各组惯用语的判断反应时均慢于单词，而快于一般词组。实验结果基本支持两种意义同时加工，但比喻意义优先完成的假设。此外，文章还讨论了习语的词汇化等问题。

The purpose of this study was to explore the processing of Chinese idioms.The materials used in the study included:(1) idioms of verb-object structure which have both literal and figurative meaings;(2) phrases of the same structure as(1);(3)idioms of modifier-modified structure which have both literal and figurative meanings;(4)phrases of the same structure as(3);(5)idioms of the same structure as(1) which only have figurative meaning;(6)words.All of these items consist of 3 characters, and are familiar to the subjects.Subjects were presented with these materials and(7) three character nonsense items and were asked to judge whether these items made sense.The RT of all kinds of idioms showed no significant differences. The effect of syntax structure in idiom comprehension was not significant and so was the difference between double-meaning idioms and single-meaning idioms. The effect of idiom form was significant.They were shorter than that of phrases,and longer than that of words.The results basically supported the simultaneous processing model of idiom comprehension. In addition,the article discussed the problem of lexicalization of idiom.