认知操作和认知方式与生态文化因素的关系

THE RELATIONSHIPS OF CHINESE COGNITIVE OPERATIONS AND STYLES WITH ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS

采用认识测试、查阅人类学资料、现场调查和谈话等多种方法探讨了我国不同生产方式、不同地区和不同民族４６０名成人的分析综合的认知操作和认知方式及其与生态文化因素的关系．认知测试分数的８×２×３的ＡＮＯＶＡ协方差分析表明，在分析操作水平上存在着显著的组间差异、性别差异、年龄差异和协变量（现代化影响）的效应；在综合操作上，存在着显著的组间差异、年龄差异和协变量效应；在认知方式上，存在着显著的组间差异和协变量效应．Ｓｔｅ－ｐｗｉｓｅ方法的多重回归分析表明，生态环境艰难程度、生产方式所决定的食物贮存程度、社会结构的紧密性、社会化的倾向性和现代化影响是预测被试认知操作和认知方式的有效因素．研究结果与“中国人认知操作和认知方式与生态文化关系”的理论模式所提出的预测基本一致，即研究结果支持了该理论模式．

This paper used cogitive tests, anthropological literature and field investigations to study 460 Chinese adults'cognitive operations, cognitive styles,and the relationships with eco-cultural factors. A 8×2×3 ( 8 subsistence strategies: agricultural, irrigation, fishing, hunting, forest industrial, city industrial, and trading/man and woman/18- 34 years of age, 35-49 years of age, and above 50 years) ANOVA with covariable(the influences of modernization)revealed significant covariable effect and main effect of subsistence strategy, sex and age in the analysis operation, significant covar-effect and main effects of subsistence strategy and age in the connection operation, significant covareffect and main effects of subsistence strategy in cognitive style. A regression (stepwise) revealed that ecology, subsistence style, social structural tightness, socialization emphases (compliance-assertion),and the influences of modernization are valid factors of predicting sample'cognitive operations and styles. This research result supported the eco-cultural model of cognitive operations and styles.