儿童运动行距预测能力的发展及影响因素

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS ON THE CHILDREN'S ABILITY OF MOTION DISTANCE PREDICTION

采用计算机软件控制实验，以三种不同运动速度、四种不同运动行距组合呈现的光点运动为刺激物，每次光点在暴露运动一段行程后进入遮蔽，要求儿童判断光点到达目标位置时按键反应。主要结果表明：（１）儿童运动行距预测能力的发展表现为５─８岁和１２─１９岁两个加速期及８─１２岁一个过渡期的发展模式。但在过渡期内，儿童的预测误差偏向有显著变化；（２）客体运动速度对儿童运动行距预测操作精度有显著影响，慢速下精度较高；（３）客体运动行距、被试性别并不影响儿童的行距预测操作；（４）５岁、１２岁与１９岁儿童多倾向于超前反应。

This research investigated into 5─19 year─old children's ability of motion distance prediction in 4 age groups, focusing on the developing characters and influencing factors. The whole experimental process was set on computers. A light block randomly composed of three levels of moving speed and four levels of motion distance was shown on the computer screen.Every time the block moved for a certain distance in exposed condition, then it moved in hidden condition to a red line. The subject was asked to press a key as soon as he(or she)estimated that the light block reached the line.The results indicated that:(1)children's ability of motion distance prediction developed along with age, there were two fast developing periods in the 5─8 year-old range and 12─19 year-old range;the 8─12 year-old range was a slow developing period,there was a significant change in prone of mistakes;(2)there was a significant effect on prediction error value of the objects' moving speed,and in slow speed there were fewer error values;(3) both the object's hidden motion distance and sex of the subject didn′t show significant effects on the children's scores of prediction;(4)all the subjects in this research inclined to have low prediction.