昆虫发育过程中的速率累加效应对其日均发育率的影响

Rate summation effect on mean daily development rates in development process of insect

昆虫发育速率Ｖ与温度Ｔ之间呈Ｓ型曲线关系．在确定适合昆虫发育的变温范围的基础上，利用萝卜蚜的试验数据，通过计算机模拟，探讨了“速率累加”过程通过Ｖ与Ｔ之间的曲线关系在各种变温条件下对昆虫日均发育速率所产生的影响．结果表明，在排除温度波动本身可改变瞬时发育速率的前提下，这种速率累加效应导致在低温区内变温下的发育比在恒温下快，在高温区内则相反，且温度变幅越广差异就越大．文中指出，由于日均发育速率会依温度的变化方式和幅度不同而发生改变，而依据恒温速率曲线可计算出各种变温下的发育进度，故对于预测昆虫在适温区发育进度而言，恒温试验结果比变温试验结果具有更广泛的适用性．

The relationship between temperature and development rate of insect follows a sigmoidcurve. This paper describes the ranges of varying temperatures favourable to insect development, and presents a simulation study on the effect of rate summation which is a directconsequence of curvilinear relationship between temperature and development rate. Thesimulation is based on the development data of Lipaphis erysimi. The results show thatunder the prerequisite of not considering the effect of temperature variation on instantaneous rate of development, the rate summation effect will lead to a faster development atvarying temperatures than that at a constant temperature within the range of low temperature. A reverse consequence is resulted within the range of high temperature, and thedifference increases rapidly with the amplitude of temperature variation. Because meandaily development rate varies with the pattern and amplitude of temperature variation,and the development under different varying temperatures can be predicted by the constant temperature rate curve, it's suggested that in terms of making prediction of insectdevelopment under favourable temperatures, the experimental data obtained under constant temperatures have a wider application than those obtained under varying temperature regimes.