Pu的利用和处置

UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL OF PLUTONIUM

从核弹头拆卸出的武器级Ｐｕ以及核电动力堆产生的反应堆级Ｐｕ的贮存、利用和处置是全世界关注的问题。已提出的处理方案可归纳为两类：一类是将Ｐｕ作为能源利用；另一类是将其作为废物永久性处置。从能源利用、环境影响、经济效益、技术成熟程度和防止核扩散等方面对处理方案进行了综合比较，初步认为，全堆芯混合氧化物燃料的先进轻水堆是利用Ｐｕ的最佳方案，而与高放废物一起玻璃固化后永久性贮存是处置Ｐｕ的最有希望的措施。

Storage, utilization and disposal of weapon-grade plutonium from dismantled warheads andreactor-grade plutonium from power- reactor fuel has drawn worldwide attention. The UnitedStates, Russia and other states are exploiting options dealing with treatment of plutonium. Each ofthe options is assessed and compared on the basis of utilization of energy resources, environmentalfactors,economics, technology readiness and nonproliferation.It is preliminarily concluded thatAdvanced Light Water Reactor with a full mixed oxide fuel core is the best option for utilization ofplutonium, or incorporating plutonium into glassified high-level waste is a feasible measure for dis-posal of plutonium.