马铃薯2n配子发生的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of 2n Pollen Formation in Potato

马铃薯２ｎ配子的研究为二倍体野生种的利用开辟了一条新途径。本文首次对两个群体共８个不同亲本的２ｎ花粉发生频率的选择标准、相关性、配合力、遗传力及有关问题进行了探讨。结果表明，２ｎ花粉发生的广义遗传力为５１．６６％～４５．３５％，狭义遗传力为２０．０８％～１４．８９％。这说明遗传加性效应很低。特殊配合力对２ｎ花粉发生起主导作用。２ｎ花粉频率很大程度上取决于组合中大于５％２ｎ花粉基因型的频率而不是组合的最高频率。２ｎ花粉的轮回选择应从组合平均数高的群体中开始进行。

Selection for genotypes with stable 2n pollen formation is very important targets of analytic breeding and true potato seeds utilization. The reported paper from the point of quantitative view based on two populations which are one population from diallel crosses of five clones (A = USW5293-3, B = USW5295-7, C=USW5337-3, D=USW7589-2 and E=772102-37) and another population composed of Solanum phureja (IVP35, IVP48 and IVP101) to cross with A, C and E clones. The correlation between grand means of combinations and percentage of genotypes with more than 5% 2n pollens in given combination and also between grand mean and maxium frequency of 2n pollen formation in given combination were calculated.The results showed that the former coefficients were highly significant at the 0.01 level. The latter r values were not significantly different at the 0.05 level in the two populations. The combinning ability analysis indicated various from populations. SCA contributed much more than that of GCA effects on 2n pollen formation. Broad sense heritabiility of 2n pollen formation was estimated at 51.66%～45.35% and narrow sense heritability of 2n pollen formation was calculated at 14.89%～20.08% in the two populations. That means additive variance is quite low.