矮砧及乔砧苹果树嫁接口的解剖观察

Anatomical Studies on Graft Union of Apple Trees on Dwarfing and Standard Rootstocks

苹果栽培品种秋富１与Ｍ７、Ｍ２６、八棱海棠３种砧木“Ｔ”形芽接１、２年生苗的嫁接口部位徒手切片显微镜观察，结果表明，砧木、接芽产生的大量愈伤组织，有不同方向、不同程度的分化，沿砧木和接芽的原有形成层逐渐分化产生新的形成层，使砧术与接穗维管组织连通；接口附近及过渡区域内各种组织均表现异常，维管分子及纤维细胞短、粗、弯曲，上下排列不同轴，射线细胞所占比例大，伸长较短，直径大；矮化砧Ｍ２６的嫁接口内愈伤组织细胞层数最多，导管不同轴程度最高；乔化砧八棱海棠的嫁接口内愈伤组织细胞层数最少，导管不同轴程度较轻；半矮化砧Ｍ７介于二者之间。

Longitudinal and transverse sections of graft unions of 1 or 2 year'Red Fuji'apple trees'T'budded on M7,M26 and Mains micromalus seedlings were obtained for a photomicroscopic observation. In summary,the abundant callus from rootstock and scion bud differentiated with different directions and varied degrees.The connective cambium in callus differentiated along that already existent in the scion and rootstock.In the abnormal tissues near the graft union and in the transitional area, vascular,fiber and cells of ray with great proportion extended to a lesser extent in length,wider in diameter and crooked. In the graft union of dwarfing rootstock M26, callus had the most cell layers,and vessel was in the least coaxial;in graft union of standard rootstockM.micromallus seedling,callus had the least cell layers,vessel was in the most coaxial;simidwarfing rootstock M7 was intermediate.