大麦4个组合株高和基部节间长的遗传分析

Genetic analysis on the plant height and basal internode length in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.):

用早熟３号／特矮大麦、早熟３号／９１－６４１１、早熟３号／浙皮１号和９１－６４１１／特矮大麦４个组合的Ｐ１、Ｐ２、Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１和Ｂ２６个世代的试验资料，探讨了４个组合株高和基部节间长度的遗传特点。结果表明，早熟３号／特矮大麦和９１－６４１１／特矮大麦的株高表现明显的超显性，分离世代中高秆、矮秆呈双峰分布，株高的遗传符合一对基因的分离模式，高秆为显性。早熟３号／特矮大麦基部倒四、五节间长度的表现和遗传特点与株高一致。早熟３号／浙皮１号和早熟３号／９１－６４１１中株高呈数量性状遗传特点，加性基因效应极为重要，加性×显性互作效应达显著和极显著水平，早熟３号／９１－６４１１中还存在极显著的显性效应。早熟３号／９１－６４１１的倒四、五节间长也为数量性状，但加性、显性和上位基因效应在不同节间长度的遗传中所占重要性不同。

The inheritance of plant height and basal internode length in P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , B 1 , B 2 generations derived from barley crosses, Zaoshu 3/Teaidamai, Zaoshu 3/91-6411, Zaoshu 3/Zhe Pi 1 and 91-6411/Teaidamai was studied. Results showed that the dwarf plant height was mainly governed by a pair of recessive allellic genes and the higher plant height was of overdominance in Zaoshu 3/Teaidamai and 91-6411/Teaidamai. The genetic performences of the length of the forth and fifth internode from top were similar as one of the plant height in Zaoshu 3/Teaidamai. In the crosses of Zaoshu 3/Zhe Pi 1 and Zaoshu 3/91-6411, the plant height was a quantitive trait. The analysis of genic effects indicated that the additive effect was very important and additive × dominant interaction were also significant, and there existed significant dominant effect in Zaoshu 3/91-6411. The length of the forth and fifth internode from top was also a quantative trait in Zaoshu 3/91-6411. But the components and proportions of the genic effects were different between the length of the forth internode and one of fifth internode from top.