心经与相应脏腑及五官联系途径的形态学研究──经线区域感觉神经元与交感节后神经元的节段分布

Morphological Study on Connective Pathway of Heart Meridian and Corresponding Viscera with Five Sense Organs (The Segmental Innervation of Sensory Neurons and Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons in Meridian Relative Area)

研究经线相关区域感觉神经无节段支配及交感节后神经元的起源，对经络脏腑相关、针灸治疗及经络实质探讨均有重要价值。心脏传入神经元的节段支配已有较多的研究，而心经有关的经线区域的节段支配至今未见报道。故我们对18只家兔及10只Wistar大鼠的前肢心经及心包经的有关穴位，注射20％HRP，观察两经区域神经节段支配情况。结果发现：（1）心经和心包经相关区域感觉神经元分布较广（C5－T2），心经相对集中于C7－T1，而心包经相对集中于C6－T2。提示两经感觉神经元在节段分布上与心脏的节段支配大体相同，但有相对差异性。（2）两经相关区域感觉神经元的数量，大型标记神经细胞明显少于中、小型。提示两经区域的感觉传入以直径较细的神经纤维为主；由于支配血管的主要是细神经纤维，所以血管及其神经装置在躯体循经感传中可能起着重要作用。（3）分布于家兔心经及心包经相关区域的交感节后神经元胞体位于预下、胸1和胸2交感神经节，这与支配心脏的交感节后神经元主要部分相重叠，这可能是两经穴位治疗心脏疾病的机理。

Study on the segmental supply of the sensory neurons and the origin of sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the meridian relative area is very helpful in elucidating the relation of meridian and viscera, in directing the clinical practice, and in studying on the essences of meridian. The distributions of cardiac afferent nerve have been more reported, but little is reported about the segmental nerve distribution over heart and pericardium meridian relative areas. In order to observe the orgins of innervation in the heart and pericardium meridian relative areas, we injected the 2o% HRP solution into some points of these two meridians in the upper extremities of l8 rabbits and lO Wistar rats. The results obtained were as follows. (1) The sensory labelled cells in these meridian relative areas were found between C5 and T2 spinal ganglions. The labelled cells innervating heart meridian relative area were comparatively concentrated in C7 - T1 spinal ganglions, and the labelled cells innervating the pericardium meridian relative area were comparatively concentrated in C6 - T2 spinal ganglions. These results indicated that the origins of these two meridian sensory innervation were roughly the same to the cardiac SegYnental innervation but had a relative differene. (2) The nember of the large labelled cells innervating these rneridian relative areas was evidently less than that of middle and small labelled cells. These resuIts show that the main afferent fibers distributing these two meridian areas are thinner nerve fibers, which innervate mainly vessels. It is suggested that the vessels and the nervous apparatus distributing vessels play an important role in somatic PSM. (3) The labelled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were mainly located ln the first two ganglions of the thoracic sympathetic trunk. This distribution was similar to the cardiac distribution of sympathetic Postganglionic neurons. These may be the therapeutic mechanism of acupuncture at the points of these meridians in the cardiac diseases.