桃小食心虫寄主生物型的初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE HOST-BIOTYPES OF PEACH FRUIT BORER

桃小食心虫不同的寄主生物型适应于各自寄主的物候期、果实形态和质地等,而在生活习性上表现出明显差异。在室内适宜温湿度条件下枣和酸枣桃小食心虫越冬幼虫出土始期和高峰期分别比苹果桃小食心虫晚8天和20多天,田间成虫发生期也约晚20天。恒温条件下前两者的前蛹期+蛹期都比后者短。3种寄主生物型的成虫产卵位置、幼虫蛀果、脱果位置及在果内生活时间各不相同。酸枣桃小食心虫体形较小,但3种寄主生物型的雄蛾外生殖器尚无明显差别。“杂交”后雌蛾均可产卵并孵化。不同寄主生物型的滞育幼虫和越冬代刚出土幼虫的酯酶同工酶谱均有较大差别。

Every one of the different host-biotypes of peach fruit borer (PFB) Carposina nipo-nensis Walsingham is adaptable to the phenophases, fruit shapes and textures of each one' s own host, thus the behavior characteristics are obviously different from each other. Under suitable room temperature and humidity conditions, the beginning and peak times of that the overwintering PFB larvae got from jujube and wild jujube tree come out from the ground are 8 and 20 days respectively later than that from apple tree, and the field occurrence time of adults of the former two biotypes are also 20 days later. Under constant temperature condition, the duration of prepupation and pupation stages of both the former two biotypes are shorter than the latter. All the positions of oviposition of adults, and boring in and out of larvae and their living spans in fruit among the three host-biotypes are different. The size of PFB moth from wild jujube is smaller, but the male genitals of the three biotypes are similar. All the hybrid females can lay eggs and the eggs can hatch. The esterase isoenzyme spectra of diapausing larvae and overwintering larvae just come out from the ground of the three host-biotypes are significantly different from each other.