百合科(狭义)植物的分布区对中国植物区系研究的意义

CHOROLOGY OF LILIACEAE (S.STR.) AND ITS BEARING ON THE CHINESE FLORA

本文对百合科(狭义)各属的地理分布作了分析,该科植物集中分布于泛北极域,属于北温带的科。该科所有的9个属,只在东亚区全部有分布,而且该区具有百合科(狭义)植物各系统演化阶段的类群,因此,东亚区是该科的多样化中心。其中百合族所包括的5个属(贝母属、百合属、大百合属、豹子花属和假百合属)集中分布于中国西南至喜马拉雅地区,其分布区均在中国-喜马拉雅地区重叠,表明中国-喜马拉雅地区是百合族的多样化中心。百合族是百合科(狭义)的核心部分。因而认为中国-喜马拉雅地区是研究百合科(狭义)植物演化的关键地区之一。从种类的统计分析表明,伊朗-土兰区分布的种类最多,说明伊朗-土兰区是该科的多度中心。文中还从一些属(贝母属、大百合属、顶冰花属和洼瓣花属)内种的分布,提出可作为划分某些植物区的依据。而且,还从假百合属的分布,阐明中国植物区系与古地中海植物区系的亲缘。

The geographical distribution of Liliaceae (s. str. ) is analysed on the basis of the floristic regions proposed by Takhtajan. Some conclusions may be proposed as follows; 1. Liliaceae (s. str. ) consists of nine genera and about 513 species, distributed primarily in the north temperate zone. Statistics shows clearly that the Irano-Turanian Region is most abundant in number of species, The Eastern Asian Region with total nine genera of the family is the diversity centre of Liliaceae (s. str. ). 2. The distribution patterns of the genera may be divided into: 1) North temperate distribution pattern: Lloydia, Erythronium, Fritillaria and Lilium; 2) Old world temperate distribution pattern; Gagea and Tulipa; 3) West Asia to Himalayas and Southwest China distribution pattern; Notholirion; 4) East Asia distribution pattern; Cardiocrinum and Nomocharis. 3. The Sino-Himalayas is one of the key regions in studying the evolution of Liliaceae (s. str. ) All nine genera occur in the Eastern Asian Region with most species distributed in Southwest and Northwest China. Chorologically, five genera (Fritillaria, Lilium, Cardiocrinum, Nomocharis and Notholirion) of the Lilieae are overlapped each other in the Sino-Himalayas, showing its diversity centre in this region. The Lilieae is a main stock in the Liliaceae (s. str. ), The genus Nomocharis in this tribe may have been newly differentiated from Lilium in the course of the uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a view also supported by Xie Xiao-yang et al. . The place of its origin was considered to be in the southern part of the Hengduan Mountains. 4. The distributions of some species in Liliaceae (s. str. ) seem to be significant for dividing some floristic regions; 1) Some species of Fritillaria (F. unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia,F. przewalski Maxim, ex Batal. , F. crassicaulis S. C. Chen, F. cirrhosaD. Don. , F. delavayi Franch. , F. daji-nensis S. C. Chen, F. davidii Franch. , F. sinica S. C. Chen and F. sichuanica S. C. Chen) are only distributed in Sino-Himalayan forest subkingdom, while others (F. tai-parensis P. Y. Li, F. yuzhongensis S. C. Chen, F. monantha Migo, F. anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin, F. thunbergii Miq. , F. maximmuizii Freyn and F. ussuriensis Maxim. ) are restricted to Sino-Japan forest subkingdom. They show a clearly demarcation line between the two subkingdoms, which is identical with what proposed by Wu Cheng-yih. 2 ) The Eastern Asian Region can be divided into two subkingdoms on the basis of the distribution pattern of the genus Cardiocrinum ; C. giganteum (Wall. ) Makino and C. gigateum var. yunnanense Leichtlin ex Elwes are restricted to Sino-Himalayan forest subkingdom. C. cathayanum (Wilson) Stearn and C. cordatum (Thunb. ) Makino are only found in Sino-Japan forest subkingdom. 3) The distributions of Gagea pauciflora Turcz. , G. triflora (Ledeb. ) Roem. et Schult. G. hiensis Pasch, Lloydia tibetica Baker ex Oliver, L. oxycarpa Franch. and L. flavonutans Hara are indicative of a demarcation line between Irano-Turani-ca Region and Eastern Asian Region. 5. The genus Notholirian occurs in the Eastern Asian Region and Irano-Turanian Region, showing the relationships between the two regions and also between the Chinese flora and Ancient Mediterraneam flora.