意大利威尼托大区刺叶栎林的生物多样性研究

BIODIVERSITY STUDIES ON QUERCUS ILEX WOODS IN VENETO, ITALY

意大利威尼托大区刺叶栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｉｌｅｘ Ｌ．）林物种多样性指数和物种多度分布的研究表明：１．Ｍｅｎｈｉｎｉｃｋ 指数、Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ 指数、Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎ 指数、Ｓｉｍ ｐｓｏｎ 指数、Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ 均匀度指数、Ｂｒｉｌｌｏｕｉｎ 均匀度指数、ＰＩＥ的Ｖ 均匀度指数、ＰＩＥ的Ｖ均匀度指数和ＭｃＩｎｔｏｓｈ 均匀度指数较为适用。它们反映从加尔达湖区到ＦｏｃｉｄｅｌＴａｇｌｉａｍ ｅｎｔｏ、Ｂｏｓｃｏ Ｎｏｒｄｉｏ、ＣｏｌｌｉＥｕｇａｎｅｉ刺叶栎林的物种多样性指数依次降低。２． 几何分布最适用于威尼托的刺叶栎林的物种多度分布，Ｌｏｇ－ｎｏｒｍ ａｌ分布也较适合。物种多度分布模型反映在生物多样性上，其结果与物种多样性指数一致。３． 生物多样性并非绝对随群落演替的顺向发展而增加。在演替早期，由于无明显优势种，物种的优势度较低，物种多样性指数较高。随着演替的进行和优势度的增加，多样性变小。演替的进一步进行，由于群落结构的复杂及物种的增加。

The species diversity indices and the species abundance distribution of Quercus ilex L. woods in Veneto, Italy were studied. The results are as follows: 1. The Menhinichs index, Shannons index, Brillouins index, Simpsons index Piulous evenness, Vevenness of PIE, V evenness of PIE, McIntosh evenness could be used to study the diversity of Q. ilex woods in Veneto. They showed that from the area of Lago ki Garda, to Foci del Tagliamento, Bosco Nordio, and Colli Euganei, the value of species diversity indices decreased gadually. 2. The geometric series of species abundance distribution dould be used best to study the diversity of Q. ilex woods, and the log normal distribution of species abundance distribution could also be a good index used to study did. The results of the study of species abundance distribution were the same as those of species diversity indices. 3. Diversity was not always increase in succession. In the earlier stage of succession, the diversity usually was relatively large owing to the invasion of many species and the lack of dominance. In the subsequent stage, the diversity was relatively minimized as the dominance increases. In the late stage, the diversity would increase as the structure of community became complicated and the number of species increased.