土壤有效水与化肥相互作用机理及其应用研究——Ⅱ.化肥对土壤持水与溶质势的影响

INTERACTIVE MECHANISM BETWEEN SOIL AVAILABLE WATER AND FERTILIZERS AND ITS APPLICATION II. Tth effect of fertilizers on soil water retaining capacity and solute-potentiality

本文应用压力板测水装置测定了不同用量的6种化肥在3种土壤上对持水量及水势的影响,结果表明:1.化肥作为土壤溶液中的一种溶质,对土壤持水量有明显影响。施化肥后溶质持水量(Y)随土壤水势增高而逐渐降低,呈Y=A·e^(BX),极显著相关。对不同土壤的影响顺序为中壤>砂壤>细砂;2.不同水势下不同化肥溶质持水量比对照的增幅(△Y)随土壤水势的增高而增大,呈△Y=A·X^B,极显著相关,对不同土壤的影响顺序为细砂>砂壤>中壤;3.不同化肥在不同水势下溶质持水量比对照增幅有随施肥量增加而升高的趋势;4.当不同化肥与对照处理的土壤持水量相等时,不同化肥的溶质持水量(Y)随土壤水势的增高而增加,呈Y=A·X^B,极显著相关;5.不同水势下不同化肥溶质持水量比埘照增幅大体上与化肥的盐指数值呈线性正相关;而施不同化肥的溶质势增量亦随盐指数值的增高而增大,呈极显著指数相关。

The present paper expounds the effect of six kinds of fertilizer with different amount on soil retaining water capacity and soil water-potentiality of three kinds of soil, which determined by the water-potentiality pressure-plate instrument. The results show that:1.Fertilizer, as a kind of solute in soil solution, has remarkable effects on soil-retaining water capacity. The solute-retaining water capacity (Y) gradually decreases with increase of soil water-potentiality, showing Y-A.eBX. The effectiveness in medium loam>sandy>loam>fine sand.2.Under different water potentiality, the increment (AY) of fertilizer solute-retaining water capacity increases with the rise of water potntiality. There is the significant relationship as Y-A .XB. The effectiveness is fine sand>sandyloam>medium loam.3.Under different water potentiality, different fertilizers' solute-retaining water capacity and the increment have the increasing trend with increase of fertilizers applied.4.When the soil-retaining water capacity remains the same to different treatment including CK solute-retaining water capacity of different fertilizers (Y) increase with the rise of soil water-potentiality, showing the relationship of Y-A . XB.5.Under different soil water-potentiality, solute-retaining water capacity and the increment of different fertilizers are linear direct proportion to the salt index of fertilizers.