海河流域61种植物磷元素化学特征及地理分异

The characteristics of phosphorus chemistry,geographical distribution of 61 plants in the Haihe River,North China

海河流域６１种植物磷元素化学特征及地理分异的分析结果表明：滨蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｓｃｏｐａｒｉａ）含磷量最高，达０．２１２％，浮萍（Ｌｅｍｎａｍｉｎｏｒ）最低，只有０．０４３％；玉米（Ｚｅａｍａｙｓ）、高粱（Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍｖｕｌｇａｒｅ）、谷子（Ｐａｎｉｃｕｍｍｉｌｉａｃｅｕｍ）、水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａ）、小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）、莜麦（Ａｖｅｎａｎｕｄａ）等谷物含磷量＜０．２００％，低于作物正常含量水平，反应了土壤缺磷特点。各类植物含磷量大小为：盐生植物＞天然草本植物＞农作物＞蔬菜＞落叶阔叶树＞灌木半灌木＞果树＞针叶树＞水生植物（Ｐ＜０．０５）。农作物各器官部位以果实含磷量最高达０．２３４％，其次是叶０．１６１％和茎０．１１１％，根最低，只有０．０８４％，这种结果造成土壤有效磷因收获而亏损。不同支流域植物磷的地理分布规律表现为：滹沱河流域＞永定河流域＞漳卫河流域＞潮白河流域＞大清河流域（Ｐ＜０．０５）。土壤中含磷量相对较低，以及盐碱土ｐＨ较高，不利于植物吸收磷。

he characteristics of phosphorus chemistry,geographical distribution of 61 plants in the Haihe River valley have been studied. Among the 61 species, Artemisia scoparia had the highest phosphorus content and Lemna minor the lowest,with total phosphorus content of 0. 212%and 0. 04 3% respectively. The average phosphorus contents of Zea mays,Sorghum vulgare,Panicum miliaceum,Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum and Avena nuda were<0. 200%,which was less than that of normally growing crops. The phosphorus content of different vegetation types were in the order:halophilous plants>natural grasses>crops>vegetables>broadleaf trees>shrube and mid-shrubs>needle-leaf trees>water plants.The grain had the highest phosphorus content among the different parts of crops,then the leaf and stem,while the root the lowest,with the contents being 0.234%,0.161%,0.111%and 0. 084% respectively,which means a lot of available soil phosphorus is outputed by harvesting the above-ground parts of crops.The phosphorus contents in the roots of Zea mays from different subsidiary river valley of the Haihe River valley were different,which rank in the order:Hutuo River valley>Yongding River valley>Zhangwei River valley>Chaobai River valley>Daqing River valley.