广州市棉尘病的研究

The Study of Byssinosis in Guang-zhou

对广州市１９８９年仅有的两家加工纯棉工厂１３２０名工人作研究，发现可吸入性棉尘与总尘浓度、内毒素含量中位数分别为０．７１（０．４１～１．５１）与５．２８（３．０４～１２．３２）ｍｇ／ｍ３，２００７（１２３６～４１００）Ｅｕ／ｍ３；呼吸系统异常的检出率、慢性气管炎及棉尘病患病率分别为：（１）典型星期一症状９．０％，（２）班后ＦＥＶ１下降≥５％为１６．８％，（３）班后ＦＥＶ１下降≥１０％为４．２％，（４）班前ＦＥＶ１小于预计值８０％为６．１％，（５）ＦＥＶ１／ＦＶＣ＜７５％为４．０％，（６）咳嗽和（或）咳痰１８．２％，（７）慢性气管炎１０．９％，（８）棉尘病〔（１）＋（２）〕患病率为１．７％。与对照组比较，上述指标〔不含（８）〕的相对危险度分别为（１）３０．０，（２）１．４．（３）１．７，（４）０．７，（５）１．２，（６）２．２和（７）２．１；除（４）外所有指标均随年龄、接尘工龄和可吸入棉尘见识按尘量的增加而是增加趋势；与此同时，发现血清ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ含量高于对照组，而ＡＮＡＥ则低于对照组。

320 workers of two factories processingpure cotton were studied. 1306 subjects with-out occupational dust exposure were servedas controls. The median of inhalaboe dust,total dust and endotoxin were found to be 0.71(0.41-1.51),5.28(3.04-12.32)mg/m3 and 2007(1236-4100)EU/m3 respectively. The pre-valences of respiratory abnormalities in the cotton workers were(1)typical monday sym-ptoms: 9.0%,(2)pst-shift FEV1 falling by5.0%or more:16.8%,(3)post-shift FEV1falling by 10%or more 4.2%,(4)FEV1 lessthan 80% predicted:6.1%,(5)FEV1/FVCless than 75%:4.0%,(6)cough and/or phl-egm:18.2%,(7)chronic bronchitis:10.9% and (8)byssinosis defined by (1)plus(2) :1.7%.Comared with controls, the relative resks for the abovemedtioned abnormatities except(8)were:(1)30.0,(2)1.4,(3)1.7,(4)1.7,(5)1.2,(6)2.2 and(7)2.1 respectively. With the exceptionof (4),most of the prevalence increased withthe increase of age, duration of exposure and cumulative inhalable dust exposure. Inaddition, the levels of IgA, IgA and IgM ap-peared to be higher, and ANAE to be lowerin exposed group than those in the controls.