从河床特性与演变角度评长江中下游张家洲浅水航道的开发与整治

A Review on the Development and the Realignment of Zhangjiazhou Shoal Channel at the Middle and Lower of the Changjiang River from Channel Characteristic and Fluvial Processes

长江中下游张家洲河段属分汊河床，由“张家洲”江心洲将河床分为南港与北港。在枯水期南港与北港的诸浅滩水深不足３．８ｍ，严重影响航运。本文根据地理调查，近１００年来历史航道图的比较，航道水深的测量值，以及河床水力几何形态关系的分析，着重研究了张家洲浅水航道的河床演变与南北两港及其浅滩的河床水力几何形态，探讨的成果可作为张家洲浅水航道的整治以及长江中下游航道的开发规划与建设的参考。

Zhangjiazhou channel at the middel and lower reaches the Changjiang River is essentially a braided channel. It is divided into the south and north waterways by the Zhangjiazhou island. In the dry season the water depth of the shoals in the two waterways are less (fm 30 N)than 3. 8m. which has a influence on the navigation. This paper presents some comments on the problems involved in the selection of navigable channel and realignment of Zhangjiazhou shoals according to the geographic investigation, comparison of the historical charts of thelast 100 years and the measurment of the depth of navigable channel and the analysis of hydraulic geometry of stream channels, where stress is laid on the fluvial process of Zhangjiazhou shoal channels and the hydraulic geometry of north and south waterways and its shoals. The results of the study provides a reference for the realignment of shoal channels of Zhangjiazhou and the development and construction in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River and other channels.