颅骨构筑对骨折类型的影响──冲击实验

The effects of skull structure on the fracture patterns under impact load

颅骨骨折的类型是判断伤情的重要依据，其发生机制对临床有指导意义。作者取尸颅顶部和翼区作钝性冲击实验，探讨颅骨构筑对骨折类型的影响。顶部骨有完整连续的力学结构，抗拉压及剪切力大，其薄层外凸形构成薄壳结构，易分散外力，钝性击伤时呈辐射性和环形骨折，颅脑损伤较广泛。翼区无上述特性，尽管有较厚软组织保护，仍易损伤，钝击伤时呈凹陷性骨折，颅脑损伤较局限。因而，通过头颅平片的骨折类型能推测受力性质及受力部位，对头部外伤的诊断和开颅探查有指导作用。本文结果还表明，辐射住骨折不是起源于受击处的内板，而是起源于外弯区外侧的外板。

he patterns of skull fracture are an important sign in head injury diagnosis, Four skullswere impacted bluntly on the parietal region or the pterion region, In the parietal region, theskull has a″thin shell″shape and is contintious of the structure, so the impact force could be dis-persed to produce a radial or a ringlike skull fracture with a wide spread cerebral injury. In thepterion region,the skull is flat and is consisted of several bones ,so,under blunt impact,depres-sive fracture with limited cerebral injury will happen. For clinical application,the site and thetype of impact load could be detected by the fracture patterns on the x-ray films.