舞阳贾湖新石器时代遗址炭化稻米的发现、形态学研究及意义

The Finds and Morphological Study of Carbonized Rice in the Neolithic Site at Jiahu in Wuyang County, Henan Province

应用扩散筛选法，从舞阳贾湖新石器时代遗址样品中发现了大量炭化稻米。形态学研究表明，贾湖古稻多数为栽培粳与偏粳稻（Ｌ／Ｗ为１．８８～２．４８），少部分为栽培籼与偏籼稻（Ｌ／Ｗ为２．５０～３．００）。该遗址文化层１４Ｃ测年树轮校正值为８９４２～７８６８ａＢＰ，这是我国迄今所发现的最早的炭化稻米。这一发现对于我国乃至世界稻作起源的研究，无疑具有重大的意义。还从古环境及农业起源机制方面，分析了贾湖先民较早开始稻作文化的原因，并提出了具有古气候边缘过渡效应的淮河流域或许是我国栽培稻起源地之一的看法。

Through diffusing-sieving, a lot of carbonized caryopses of rice were found in the samples which were collected from the Neolithic site at Jiahu in Wuyang County, Henan Province (33°37' N, 133°40'E). Morphological study indicates that the major part of ancient rice at Jiahu is cultivated keng (japonica) or approaching keng(L/W is 1. 88～ 2. 48), and the minority is cultivated hsien (indica) or approaching hsien (L/W is 2. 50～ 3. 00). The range of Calibrated radiocarbon ages of the cultured ruins in this site is 8942～7868 a BP. This find of Jiahu carbonized caryopses of rice is not only the earliest evidence of cultivated rice in Yellow Rivers and Huaihe Rivers, but also one of the earliest data in the world by now. It is no doubt of great significance for study of origin of rice in China even in the world. Based on analysing of ancient cultural ecology and agricultural origin mechanism, the authors also discuss why Jiahu ancestors began planting rice earlier, and deduce that the Huaihe Rivers may be one of the cradle centers of Chinese cultivated rice owing to this area had edge effects of ancient climatic and ancient cultural transit tion.