北京市3－7岁儿童气质特点及类型分布探讨

Survey on characteristics and type distribution of temperament in 3-7 years old children in Bei-jing

本文采用Ｔｈｏｍａｓ的ｃｈｅｓｓ和《３－７岁儿童气质量表》对北京市城区的正常儿童２０６７名进行了测查，难养型占９．２％，易养型占３７．７％，发动缓慢型占６．８％，难养型、易养型和中间近易养型的比例无明显年龄差异，发动缓慢型和中间近难养型的比例有明显年龄差异。类型分布在各年龄均无明显性别差异，气质的维度有年龄和性别的差异，结果揭示气质的性别差异随年龄增长而更为显著。

The Parent Temperament Questionnaire was used to investigate the characteristicsand type distribution of temperament in 2067 3 7years old children in Beijing China. Following theclassification proposed by New York Longitunal Study,we found that the difficult children accountedfor 9.2% of the sampled population,slow to warm up for 6.8%,easy 37.7%,and the rest46.3%were classified into intermediate type. The proportion of difficult,easy,and intermediate lowtypes showed no significant difference across age groups,while the proportion of slow to warm upand intermediate high types differed in children of different age. Though distribution pattern appearedsimilar in both boys and girls,the results revealed age and sex differences in scores of dimensions oftemperament.