合理用药调研的国际指标

The International Investigation Indicators for Rational Drug Use

为了促成发展中国家获得必不可少的常用药物供应，ＷＨＯ于１９８１年设立了基本药物行动委员会（ＤＡＰ）。１９８５年ＷＨＯ把推动基本药物应用与合理用药相结合，增加了两者的活力，促进了ＷＨＯ药物政策在发展中国家的实现。合理用药作为卫生工作重点之一，日益受到各国关注。１９８９年在ＷＨＯ和一些发达国家支持下，由美国的卫生管理科学中心（ＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｆｏｒＨｅａｌｔｈＭＳＨ）牵头，组建了合理的用药国际网络（Ｉｎｔ’ｌＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｆｏｒＲａｔｉｏｎａｌＵｓｅｏｆＤｒｕｇｓＩＮＲＵＤ），为发达国家支持发展中国家的合理用药发挥指导与媒介作用。ＩＮＲＵＤ的重要贡献一就是制订合理用药的调研方法与指标，此成果于１９９３年与ＷＨＯ／ＤＡＰ合作编著出版，题为《医疗单位合理用药调研方法与指标》，被许多国家采用。在卫生部支持下，全军合理用药信息咨询中心于１９９５年４月邀请了ＩＮＲＵＤ负责人Ｄｒ．ＤａｖｉｄＬｅｅ来华，在北京、武汉、广州作学术交流及访问，介绍了ＩＮＲＵＤ的工作与合理用药调研指标，受到普遍的关注与欢迎。本文对此进行了简介和评述，希望对我国的合理用药工作与国际接轨从而进入一个新阶段发挥应有的作用。

In 1981 WHO's Action Programme on Essential Drugs (WHO/DAP) was established to provide operational supports to the developing countries to meet their needs of most necessary and elementary drug supplies based on essential drug policy(EDP)and rational use drugs(RUD).The vitality if EDP and RUD increased obviously since WHO broadened the concept of EDP to include a strong emphasis on RUD in 1985,many countries paid more attention to RUD and make it a focal point of health work.In 1989 under the support of WHO and some of the developed countries,the International Network for RUD(INRUD)was established and coordinated by the Management Science of Health(MSH)in the USA.INRUD's aim is to promote more effective and economically efficient drug use.One of the important contribution of WHO/DAP/INRUD is the manual named 'How to investigate drug use in medical facilities-selected drug use indicators(SDUIs)'published in 1993,it has been widely used by many countries including developed ones for drug use investigation.In April 1995,with the help of the Chinese Ministry of Public Health(MoPH),the Advisory Centre on RUD of CPLA made INRUD Coordinator,Dr.David Lee's scientific visit to China a reality.Dr.Lee held talks with the administrator of the follows: the MoPH,the Health Sector of General Logistic Department of CPLA,the Chinese Medical Assn, the Chinese Pharmaceutical Assn,the PLA General Hospital,and the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area.The formation, organization,tasks,activities of INRUD,and its experience in the application of SDUIs was introduced by Dr. Lee.This paper gives a brief description and comment on the above issues,for the authors think it is very useful in promoting Chinese RUD programme by the guidance of the international norms.