四倍体盾叶薯蓣生物学特性的研究

Biological Characters of Tetraploid Dioscorea zingiberensis

以离体诱导获得的四倍体盾叶薯蓣(DioscoreazingiberensisC.H.Wight)为材料,对其进行生物学习性观察、花粉育性鉴定以及人工授粉试验。研究结果表明:四倍体植株试管苗移栽到大田后生长发育基本正常,但四倍体植株相对二倍体植株表现出各生长发育时期滞后的现象;两年生植株分化形成了雌、雄株,花粉活力为41%,与二倍体植株互为父母本的结实率分别为8.2%和6.3%;四倍体雌株与四倍体雄株受精结实的后代经检测为四倍体。表明离体诱导的四倍体盾叶薯蓣具有较低的育性,其多倍体倍性可稳定遗传。

Artificial induced tetraploid of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wight was used as material for biological observation and cross hybridization with natural diploid. The tetroploid displayed normal morphology but their develop period was delayed as compared to natural diploid in field. Biennial tertraploid plant differentiated into male type and female type. Both sexual types possessed fertility as indicated by pollen activity （41%） and seed set ability after pollination. Reciprocal cross between the tetraploid and diploid produced 8. 2% and 6.3% seed setting, respectively. Offspring of the cross pollination between male and female tetraploid was examed to be tetraploid. These results indicated the artificial induced tetraploid had stable ploidy and lower fertility.